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How to Implement PHP Type Safety Using Ristretto PHP: Manipulate values in type safe way using classes

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ristretto-php 1.0.0MIT/X Consortium ...5PHP 5, Cryptography, Data types
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This package can manipulate values in type safe way using classes.

It implements a base class named Ristretto that implements essential functions like comparison of values of the same type and hexadecimal encoding of a value.

The package also provides sub-classes that implement specific functions of some data types, like generating random values, value hashing, and arithmetic operations.

Currently, it provides the following data type classes:

- Group element

- Public Key

- Scalar Value

- Secret Key

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PHP Programming Innovation award nominee
November 2022
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Type safety is a characteristic of languages that require certain operations with values of the correct values. This characteristic is good for catching bugs early in application development.

PHP was not originally a type-safe language. PHP is more tolerant of developer mistakes. This fact makes PHP a more accepted language among developers without formal education in programming.

This package provides a solution to make PHP more type-safe to avoid that applications shipping code with programming mistakes.

It provides several classes that implement type-safe operations, including some that are useful for cryptography applications.

With this package, you can implement cryptography applications with greater quality when compared to applications that do not use type safety.

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Documentation

Ristretto (PHP)

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Implements a type-safe API for working with the Ristretto Group in PHP projects.

Requirements

  • PHP 8.1 or newer

Installing

composer require paragonie/ristretto

Documentation

There are two basic types: ScalarValue and GroupElement.

The ScalarValue object wraps a big integer between 0 and the order of the Ristretto Group, L.

The GroupElement object wraps a group element of the Ristretto Group.

If an analogy helps, in the world of Ed25519 and X25519, the ScalarValue is your secret key, and GroupElement is your public key.

For that reason, there are also a SecretKey and PublicKey class, which contains some basic helper methods for ease-of-use.

Usage

You can convert from scalars to group elements with multBase(), and then use scalarPointMultiply() to perform a commutative group action (e.g. Diffie-Hellman).

<?php
use ParagonIE\Ristretto\{GroupElement, ScalarValue};

$aliceSecret = ScalarValue::random();
$alicePublic = $aliceSecret->multBase();
$bobSecret = ScalarValue::random();
$bobPublic = $bobSecret->multBase();

// You can perform a similar commutative group action
$aliceToBob = $aliceSecret->scalarPointMultiply($bobPublic);
$bobToAlice = $bobSecret->scalarPointMultiply($alicePublic);
var_dump($aliceToBob->equals($bobToAlice)); // bool(true)

Otherwise, most operations are within a given type (GroupElement to GroupElement, ScalarValue to ScalarValue).

GroupElement

<?php
use ParagonIE\Ristretto\{GroupElement};

$x = GroupElement::random();
$y = GroupElement::random();

$z = $x->add($y);
$w = $z->sub($y);
var_dump($w->equals($x)); // bool(true)

ScalarValue

Example

This is a PHP implementation of the libsodium example protocol.

> Perform a secure two-party computation of f(x) = p(x)^k. x is the input sent to the second party > by the first party after blinding it using a random invertible scalar r, and k is a secret key > only known by the second party. p(x) is a hash-to-group function.

<?php
use ParagonIE\Ristretto\{GroupElement};

// -------- First party -------- Send blinded p(x)
$x = random_bytes(64);

// Compute px = p(x), a group element derived from x
$px = GroupElement::fromHash($x);

// Compute a = p(x) * g^r
$r = ScalarValue::random();
$gr = $r->multBase();
$a = $px->add($gr);

// -------- Second party -------- Send g^k and a^k
$k = ScalarValue::random();

// Compute v = g^k
$v = $k->multBase();

// Compute b = a^k
$b = $k->scalarPointMultiply($a);

// -------- First party -------- Unblind f(x)
// Compute vir = v^(-r)
$ir = $r->negate();
$vir = $v->scalarPointMultiply($ir);

// Compute f(x) = b v^(-r) = (p(x) g^r)^k * (g^k)^(-r)
//              = (p(x) g)^k g^(-k) = p(x)^k
$fx = $b->add($vir);

// --------- Correctness testing -----------
// If you knew both p(x) and k, you could calculate it directly.

// Directly calculate p(x)^k with both parties' secrets
$pxk = $px->scalarPointMultiply($k);
var_dump($fx->equals($pxk)); // bool(true)


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  Accessible without login Plain text file PublicKey.php Class Class source
  Accessible without login Plain text file Ristretto.php Class Class source
  Accessible without login Plain text file ScalarValue.php Class Class source
  Accessible without login Plain text file SecretKey.php Class Class source

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